Bibliographic Citations
Citing Sources
Follow the cited material with a sequential number in brackets. Use the same number each time you cite the same source.
The number should be placed after the closing quotation mark or last word of the citation but before any subsequent punctuation.
...standard SUMMA canisters lose acids and reactive species" [2].
Works Cited Entries
Arrange each source cited according to its sequential number. List only
one source per number.
Articles - Titles are enclosed in quotes. Only the first letter of
the first word is capitalized.
Journals & Books - Titles are italicized.
Authors - List all authors in the order given on the title page of
the source. Do not use et al. List in order of first name (or
initial), then last name.
Punctuation - All items in an entry are separated by commas. The entire
entry is concluded with a period.
R. Wright, L. Chen, P. Federlin, K. Forbes, "Manufacturing issues of electrostatic chucks," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 13(4) Jul/Aug 1995, pp. 1910-1916.
Harish Singh, SEMATECH's Defect Data Management System Implementation Status Report, 95072910A-TR, Austin, TX: SEMTECH, September 7, 1995, pp.3-5.
Examples
Books - Author(s), Book Title, publishing location: publisher's name, publication year, pp. inclusive pages (if any).
[1] O. T. Zimmerman and I. Lavine, Conversion Factors and Tables, Dover, NH: Industrial Research Service, 1961.
[2] G. O. Young, "Synthetic structure of industrial plastics," in Plastics, vol. 3, Polymers of Hexadromicon, J. Peters, Ed., 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.
Journals - Author(s), "Title of article," Journal Title vol. number, issue number, date (if volume/issue numbers unavailable), pp. inclusive pages.
[3] M. A. McHenry and D. C. Chang, "Coupled-mode theory of two non-parallel dielectric waveguides," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-32 (Nov. 1984), pp. 1469-1475.
[4] A. Kastalsky, F. Peeters, W. K. Chan, L. T. Florez, J. P. Harbison, "Nonlinear transport phenomena in a triangular quantum well," in Applied Physics Letters 59, no. 14, pp. 1708-1710.
[5] A. Boubekeur, G. Saucier, J. Trilhe, "A reconfigurable wafer-scale memory," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 26, no. 10, pp. 1423-1432.
Journal articles not yet published - Same order as other journal citations, except the date or volume/issue number is provided only for those cases in which you are certain of the projected publication date.
[6] S. D. Berger, "Projection electron-beam lithography: a new approach," Journal of Vacuum Science Technology, Nov.-Dec. 1991 (in press).
Articles from published conference proceedings - Author(s), "Title of paper," in Title of Proceedings, publication year, pp. inclusive pages.
[7] D. B. Payne and J. R. Stern, "Wavelength-switched passively coupled single-mode optical network," in Proc. IOOC-ECOC '85, 1985, p. 585.
Papers presented at conferences (unpublished) - Author(s), "Title of paper," presented at Title of Conference, location, conference date.
[8] D. Ebehard and E. Voges, "Digital single sideband detection for interferometric sensors," presented at 2nd Int. Conf. Optical Fiber Sensors, Stuttgart, F.R.G., 1984.
Technical reports - Author(s) (or group name), "Title of section or presentation (if any)," Title of Document, publication number, publishing location: publishing organization, publication date, pp. inclusive pages (if any).
[9] National Science Foundation, Survey of Direct U.S. Private Capital Investment in Research and Development Facilities in Japan, Washington, D.C.: National Science Foundation, NSF 91-312, 1991, pp. 10-15.
[10] J. Economv, M. Jaffe, W. Koros, R. Ottenbrite, E. Reichmanis, and J. Schaefgen, JTECH Panel Report on Advanced Materials in Japan, La Jolla, CA:Science Applications International Corporation, JTECH-TAR-8502, pp. 30-32. (Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. PB86-229929.)
Report distributed by someone other than the publisher - Same as other reports, but append the distributor's name, location, and report number (if any) in parentheses.
[11] T. E. Pinelli, M. Glassman, W. E. Oliu, and R. O. Barclay, Technical Communications in Aeronautics: Results of an Exploratory Study, Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administrations, NASA TM-101534, Report 1, Part 1, February 1989, pp. 22-25. (Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA; 89N26772.)
SEMATECH technology transfers - Author(s) (or group name), "Title of section or presentation (if any)," Title of Document, transfer number, publishing location: publisher's name, publication date, pp. inclusive pages (if any).
[12] SEMATECH, SEMATECH Official Dictionary Revision 3.0, 91010441A-STD, Austin, TX: SEMATECH, January 31, 1991, p. 10.
[13] G. Watkins, "Japanese data collection," in Competitive Analysis Group Meeting Report July 16-17, 1991, 91080626A-GEN, Austin, TX: SEMATECH, August 22, 1991, pp. 63-72.
Standards- Organization and Standard Designation (standard number or name) (year of issue only if safety standard), Full Title of Standard.
[14] ASTM F 47, Test Method for Crystallographic Perfection of Silicon by Preferential Etch Techniques.
[15] Fed. Std. 209B, Controlled Environment Clean Room and Work Station Requirements.
Software - Programmer (if known), Title of Program, vers. number, computer software, distributor, year of publication, any other pertinent information.
[16] T. J. Soldan and J. D. Spain, Population Growth, computer software, Conduit, 1984.
[17] V. Rosenberg, Pro-Cite, vers. 1.3, computer software, Personal Bibliographic Software, 1987, IBM PC-DOS 2.0, 256 kilobyte disk.
Computer Service - Treat as if printed material but, at the end of the entry, add the name of the service and the accession or other identifying numbers within the service.
[18] B. B. Turner, American Men and Women of Science, 15th ed., Bowker, 1983, Dialog file 236, item 0107406.
Bibliography/Other References
Include an Other References section to refer readers to other sources that were used or are relevant to your document but not directly cited. Use a hanging-indent format for items in this section. See the following example (Note: Netscape does not normally display this format):
Pinelli, T.E., M. Glassman, W.E. Oliu, and R.O. Barclay. Technical Communications in Aeronautics: Results of an Exploratory Study. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA TM-101625. August 1989. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
Examples
Multiple documents by same author(s) - Use a three em dash (or three hyphens) to represent multiple instances of the same author and all coauthors.
Pinelli, T. E., M. Glassman, W. E. Oliu, and R. O. Barclay. Technical Communications in Aeronautics: Results of an Exploratory Study. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administrations. NASA TM-101625. August 1989. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
--- Technical Communications in Aeronautics: Results of an Exploratory Study. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administrations. NASA TM-101626. October 1989. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
Pinelli, T. E., J. M. Kennedy, and T. E. White. Summary Report to Phase 1 Respondents Including Frequency Distributions. Washington D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administrations. NASA TM-102773, Report 5. January 1991. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield VA.
Books - Author(s). Book Title. Editor (if any). Edition (if given). Publishing location: publisher's name, publication year.
Young, G. O. "Synthetic structure of industrial plastics," in Plastics, vol. 3, Polymers of Hexadromicon. J. Peters, Ed. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964.
Zimmerman, O. T., and I. Lavine. Conversion Factors and Tables. Dover, NH: Industrial Research Service, 1961.
Journals - Author(s). "Title of article." Journal Title vol. number, issue number, date (if volume/issue numbers unavailable): inclusive pages.
Boubekeur, A., G. Saucier, and J. Trilhe. "A reconfigurable wafer-scale memory." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 26, no. 10, pp. 1423-1432.
Kastalsky, A, F. Peeters, W. K. Chan, L. T. Florez, J. P. Harbison. "Nonlinear transport phenomena in a triangular quantum well." Applied Physics Letters 59, no. 14, pp. 1708-1710.
McHenry, M. A., and D. C. Chang. "Coupled-mode theory of two non-parallel dielectric waveguides." IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-32 (Nov. 1984), pp. 1469-1475.
Journal articles not yet published - Same order as other journal citations, except the date or volume/issue number is provided only for those cases in which you are certain of the projected publication date.
Berger, S. D. "Projection electron-beam lithography: a new approach." Journal of Vacuum Science Technology (Nov.-Dec. 1991). In press.
Articles from published conference proceedings - Author(s). "Title of paper." Title of Proceedings, publication year.
Payne, D. B. and J. R. Stern. "Wavelength-switched passively coupled single-mode optical network." Proc. IOOC-ECOC '85, 1985.
Papers presented at conferences (unpublished) - Author(s), "Title of paper." Presented at Title of Conference, location, conference date.
Ebehard, D., and E. Voges, "Digital single sideband detection for interferometric sensors." Presented at the 2nd Int. Conf. Optical Fiber Sensors, Stuttgart, F.R.G., 1984.
Technical Reports - Author(s). Title. Location: publishing organization. Technical report number and any other necessary distinguishing information. Date.
National Science Foundation. Survey of Direct U.S. Private Capital Investment in Research and Development Facilities in Japan. Washington, D.C.: National Science Foundation. NSF 91-312. 1991.
Reports distributed by someone other than the publisher - Same as technical reports, but append the distributor's name, location, and report number in parentheses.
Pinelli, T. E., M. Glassman, W. E. Oliu, and R. O. Barclay. Technical Communications in Aeronautics: Results of an Exploratory Study. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administrations. NASA TM-101625. August 1989. Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
SEMATECH Technology Transfers - Author(s) (or group name). "Title of section or presentation (if any)," Title of Document. Transfer number. Publishing location: publishing organization. Publication date.
SEMATECH. SEMATECH Official Dictionary Revision 3.0. 91010441A-STD. Austin, TX: SEMATECH. January 31, 1991.
Watkins, G. "Japanese data collection." in Competitive Analysis Group Meeting Report July 16-17, 1991. 91080626A-GEN. Austin, TX: SEMATECH. August 22, 1991.
Standards- Organization and Standard Designation (standard number or name) (year of issue only if safety standard). Full Title of Standard.
ASTM F 47, Test Method for Crystallographic Perfection of Silicon by Preferential Etch Techniques.
Fed. Std. 209B, Controlled Environment Clean Room and Work Station Requirements.